Obesity is nothing but the “medical condition where the body fat which is in excess is accumulated and may cause some adverse effect on individual’s health”. It can be differentiated as syndromic and non-syndromic obesity. In case of syndromic, the obese condition features the syndromes like “Prader-Willi syndrome”, “Bardet-Biedl syndrome”. Obesity is expressed as “body mass index” and explained as the excess fat distribution along the “waist hip ratio”. BMI i.e., “Body mass index” is related to ‘percentage body fat’. The healthy weight in children of different age varies with their sex as well. Obesity cannot be expressed as an absolute number but can be given as a percentile of a normal group. If the BMI is greater than 95 % it is considered as obesity.
With the increase in obesity there is an increase in the chance of various diseases especially diseases of the heart, diabetes, difficulties in breathing. Obesity is generally caused by accumulation of excess dietary calories, less physical activity. Sometimes obesity is genetically determined, which is caused by genes, endocrine disorders.
Obese people gain more weight even with less intake of food due to slow metabolism. They require more of energy i.e., their energy consumption is more when compared to non obese people as they require more energy to maintain their heavy body mass.
Obesity can be controlled naturally by physical exercise and dieting. There are artificial ways of controlling obesity which is done using drugs which are taken to reduce appetite or reduces fat absorption. There are other ways to reduce obesity like surgery or insertion of intragastric balloon which reduces the stomach volume or the bowel length which leads to earlier satiation and reduces the ability of stomach to absorb nutrients from the food intake.
Stanton DeFreitas